How to use Set-Clipboard and Get-Clipboard in PowerShell
PowerShell provide a cmdlet for use the clipboard, advanced applications are allowed, from PowerShell save multible items to the clipboard to use later, it is possible to append content to already pasted items in the clipboard.
Use Set-Clipboard in PowerShell
Use the PowerShell cmdlet Set-Clipboard to copy a text to the clipboard.
Set-Clipboard "but this to clipboard.."
Use Get-Clipboard in PowerShell
Use the text you just copied can be retrieved with Get-Clipboard.
Get-Clipboard
Use Set-Clipboard with -Append copy a text to the existing one.
The following command deletes the contents on the clipboard.
Write-Host "delete items in clipboard.." $null | clip
Retrieve files and folders from Clipboard
And there is even more to go, if you want to retrieve files and folders that are to be copied from the clipboard, the following command gives the output.
Get-Clipboard -Format FileDropList
It is also useful to copy the text content of files directly without opening the file to clipboard, such as scripts or source code.
Use Get-Content with clipboard
Get-Content copies the content of test.bat to the clipboard.
Get-Content test.bat | clip
Compare-Object compares the content and copies it to the clipboard.
The default of Compare-Object is not case sensitive, use the parameter -CaseSensitive to distinguish small and capital letters.
Help with examples for use can be found with Get-Help.
Get-Help Set Clipboard -Detailed
Get-Help Get Clipboard -Detailed
Remarks
Commonly, in Windows the text or content is copied to the clipboard by pressing the “CTRL+C” shortcut key. However, in PowerShell, the text can also be copied to the clipboard using the “Set-Clipboard” cmdlet. This cmdlet sets the content to the clipboard. Moreover, the copied cmdlets can be pasted too in PowerShell using the “Get-Clipboard” cmdlet.
The following post will elaborate on the method to copy the content to the clipboard. Using PowerShell Copy to Clipboard Function
As described earlier, the copy to clipboard function in PowerShell sets the text or content to the clipboard. The command used for that purpose is the “Set-Clipboard”. Examples explaining the procedure to copy the text to the clipboard are explained.
Nagios consists of a collection of modules for monitoring networks, hosts and their specific services, as well as a web interface to display queries of the collected data. It is under the GNU GPL, so it is free software and runs on numerous Unixoid operating systems. Because of its widespread use, Nagios has become a quasi-standard in professional use.
Nagios Monitoring with Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi with its fanless design, minimal dimensions and low power consumption , well suited as a single-board computer for a Nagios monitoring server that can even monitor itself.
INSTALLATION
The installation of Nagios Core 4 on the Raspberry’s own OS Raspbian, which is based on Debian, is unspectacular. Here in these instructions the procedure for a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is shown, on a 32 GB microSD card type Class 10, a 16 GB microSD card would also suffice.
SanDisk Ultra SDHC I 16 GB – 80 /Sek, Class 10 microSD Card.
The provision of Raspbian on a microSD card is not discussed here in more detail. After booting a Raspbian desktop image, the LXTerminal is opened on the Raspbian X desktop and the root shell is started, in headless operation a VNC session can be started with VNCViewer, with the login as user pi and the default password raspberry. If you want to use the Raspbian Minimal Image, authentication via SSH to the Raspberry Pi is recommended.
After logging in as user pi, we want to become root.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo su
First, all required packages are installed from the repository as a prerequisite.
Download and unzip the Nagios Core 4 source packages. The last release can be found here. The core release as well as the agents and plugins are available on Github.
$ cd /tmp
$ wget -O nagioscore.tar.gz https://github.com/NagiosEnterprises/nagioscore/archive/nagios-4.4.3.tar.gz
$ tar xzf nagioscore.tar.gz
Compilie
$ cd /tmp/nagioscore-nagios-4.4.3
$ ./configure --with-httpd-conf=/etc/apache2/sites-enabled
$ make all
Create the user nagios and the group. The Apache user www-data is also added to the nagios group.
$ useradd nagios
$ usermod -a -G nagios www-data
Install the binaries.
$ make install
Installing the service daemon files and configuring them for the boot process.
$ make install-init
$ systemctl enable nagios.service
Installs and configures the external command file.
$ make install-commandmode
Just now * SAMPLE * configuration files will be installed. These are necessary because Nagios needs some configuration files to start.
$ make install-config
Apache web server configuration files are installed and the Apache settings for Nagios are configured.
$ make install-webconf
$ a2enmod rewrite
$ a2enmod cgi
Port 80 must be permitted for incoming data traffic on the local firewall so that the Nagios Core web interface can be reached.
You will be asked to log in with your user name and password. The username is nagiosadmin (you created it in a previous step) and the password is what you provided earlier.
After successfully logging in, the Nagios Core web interface appears. Congratulations, you did it.
Nagios Core is now installed, the Nagios plugins are still required for operation. The error message appears: (No output on stdout) stderr: execvp(/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load .. this is normal, the standard plugins are installed in the following steps.
Plugin Installation
The following packages are installed from the repository as a prerequisite for installing the plugins.
$ apt-get install -y autoconf gcc libc6 libmcrypt-dev make libssl-dev wget bc gawk dc build-essential snmp libnet-snmp-perl gettext
Download and extract the source packages. The last plugin releases can get from nagios-plugins.org.
$ cd /tmp
$ wget --no-check-certificate -O nagios-plugins.tar.gz https://github.com/nagios-plugins/nagios-plugins/archive/release-2.2.1.tar.gz
$ tar zxf nagios-plugins.tar.gz
Compile and install packages.
$ cd /tmp/nagios-plugins-release-2.2.1/
$ ./tools/setup
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
Go to a host or service object and “Re-schedule the next check” in the Commands menu. The error that appeared before should now disappear and the correct output is displayed on the screen .
The daemon commands for start / stop / restart / status.
Now that the Nagios Core Server is ready for operation, it is time to create the configuration of the host and services that are to be monitored. Under /usr/local/nagios/etc the main configuration is nagios.cfg, here the paths to the configuration files are defined with cfg_file, the hosts to be monitored can be entered in a file hosts.cfg.
## Default Linux Host Template ##
define host{
name linux-box ; Name of this template
use generic-host ; Inherit default values
check_period 24x7
check_interval 5
retry_interval 1
max_check_attempts 10
check_command check-host-alive
notification_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_options d,r
contact_groups admins
register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS - ITS A TEMPLATE
}
## Default
define host{
use linux-box ; Inherit default values from a template
host_name Diskstation ; The name we're giving to this server
alias Synology ; A longer name for the server
address 10.10.10.88 ; IP address of Remote Linux host
}
If it is to be more structured, there is the possibility to save the host and service configuration in the directories printers, routers, servers, switches, for this the file nagios.cfg is edited and the comment characters # (hash) are removed accordingly in cfg_dir = .
$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
..
# Definitions for monitoring a Windows machine
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg
The .cfg files created in the directories are read out.
Example for a mail and web server with this IMAP and HTTPS is checked.
define host {
use linux-server
host_name mailserver
alias Exchange
address 10.10.10.15
max_check_attempts 5
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_period 24x7
}
define service {
use generic-service
host_name mailserver
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service {
use generic-service
host_name mailserver
service_description HTTPS
check_command check_tcp!443 -H 10.10.10.15 -u https://owa.banana.org
notifications_enabled 0
}
define service {
use generic-service
host_name mailserver
service_description IMAP
check_command check_imap
notifications_enabled 0
}
The Nagios server is restarted after each change.
$ systemctl restart nagios.service
A look at the Nagios log file can be worthwhile.
$ tail -30 /usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log
Additional configuration examples for Linux, Windows, printer routers and switches can be found under the objects directory .
Beispiel: Nagios Service Configuration
With remote agents such as NCPA, active checks can be carried out on Windows and Linux hosts; passive checks can be carried out using NRDP and NRPE, which provide values on CPU load, memory usage, processes, user and disk usage.
Nagios Notification
In the file nagios.cfg and objects/contacts.cfg the recipient email root@localhost can be left.
$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
define contact{
contact_name nagiosadmin ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inherit default values from generic-contact$
alias Nagios Admin ; Full name of user
email root@localhost ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS *$
}
In the file nagios.cfg at admin_email .
$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
..
admin_email=root@localhost
Postfix is used here as the mail transport agent for the Nagios email notification. This is installed and configured as follows .
$ sudo apt-get -y install postfix
During the installation you will be asked to select a mail server configuration, here we select Internet Site .
In order to be able to test the sending of emails later, the package mailutils is installed.
$ sudo apt-get -y install mailutils
The Postfix main configuration main.cf is adapted .
$ vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
..
relayhost = mailserver.banana.org
At relayhost, the mail server is entered that allows Raspberry Pi to receive emails, if the Raspberry is behind a firewall with NAT, the public IP address of the mail server must be authorized for reception.
Set up an email address for root by editing the aliases file .
$ vi /etc/aliases
..
root: helpdesk@banana.org
At the end a valid email address is entered so that mails from this host are delivered, here as an example it is helpdesk@banana.org, the colon for root: is mandatory.
The changes in the aliases file must still generate the aliases.db file .
$ newaliases
The Postfix configuration also has to be read in and activated.
$ postfix reload
Now sending emails from Raspberry Pi, this can be done as follows.
$ echo "hello from raspberry pi" | mail -s hello root
An email should now be in the inbox of helpdesk@banana.org.
Read the email log can also provide further information here.
$ tail /var/log/mail.log
If the attempt to send returns the status=bounced , receipt on the mailer is not yet authorized. With Exchange, the IP address of the Raspberry Pi must be entered in the receive connector in the frontend transport under area definition for email received from servers with these remote IP addresses. For Postfix a smtpd_client_restrictions directive must exist in main.cf .
